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Series: The Opioid Epidemic In Wisconsin

Opioid overdoses kill hundreds of Wisconsinites every year, amid a nationwide surge in painkiller and heroin abuse that's been building since the turn of the century. Opioids are a category of pain relief drugs that include long-known substances like morphine and heroin, but also powerful synthetic pharmaceuticals like hydrocodone and fentanyl. Years of widespread opioid prescriptions helped initiate the crisis, and the increasing cheap cost of these drugs fueled the spread of abuse in rural, suburban and urban communities alike. All levels of government are mobilizing to address opioid abuse, and like many states, Wisconsin is adopting policies that focus on public health approaches over emphasizing criminalization. As the contours of this epidemic continues to shift, so do efforts to contain and reverse it among health care providers, law enforcement and community organizations.
 
There's no one single place in Milwaukee County where overdose data is kept. Paramedics respond to an overdose, the medical examiner does an autopsy, the state Department of Justice collects statistics.
As much as the opioid epidemic across the United States is often characterized as a rural and suburban problem, it has been devastating in urban areas as well. Of course, this doesn't mean patterns of addiction play out the same way in all settings.
La Crosse County had 23 drug overdose-related deaths in 2016, the most in its history, and proof that it may take some time before state and regional efforts to reduce the heroin epidemic start working.
One barrier to more doctors prescribing medications to treat opioid addiction? Many are confused about how to navigate the regulations, or they're not addiction specialists and are intimidated at the prospect of trying to treat patients with substance use disorders.
Law enforcement in Superior and Douglas County seized the most heroin they've ever seen in 2016.
In hindsight, it's plain to see that the boom in prescription opioids that started in the late 1990s coincided with an increase in opioid-related deaths in Wisconsin and across the U.S.
Medication-assisted treatment tackles substance use disorders by combining behavioral therapy like counseling with a prescription medicine.
Over the course of 2016, Richland County in southwestern Wisconsin had five drug overdose deaths, one of which involved a synthetic opioid. This latter case startled the county coroner's office.
As more and more Wisconsinites die of opioid overdoses, public and private toxicology labs are ground zero for understanding an ever-evolving mix of illicit drugs.
As more people die of overdoses — sometimes after unknowingly using highly potent opioids — public health officials are also struggling for clarity.